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Research on lexical inferencing (i.e. learners’ use of cognitive strategies and knowledge sources in comprehending unfamiliar vocabulary in texts) has provided some insights into word class knowledge in the L2 context. Lee and Wolf (1997) embedded nonsense words in authentic reading passages in order to determine whether L2 learners of Spanish are sensitive to the grammatical category of unknown words. Their results indicate that learners of all proficiency levels were more successful at identifying the grammatical class than guessing the meaning of the target words. However Cheap Kids NFL Jerseys , the beginning-level learners (students enrolled in a second-semester course) were consistently less successful at grammatical category assignment than more proficient learners.

For example, the nonsense word acricion (a noun) was interpreted as an adjective by many of the beginning-level learners. Lee and Wolf (1997) also illustrated how these beginners often misunderstood the context surrounding the target (i.e. nonsense) word, resulting in ‘laborious struggles with word inferencing’ (p. 51). For example, one learner confused the adverb probablemente (‘probably’) with the nounproblema ‘problem’. In another study of L2 word inferencing, Watts (2004) also describes learners’ ability to infer the grammatical class of novel words without necessarily knowing their meaning. To explain these findings Cheap Youth NFL Jerseys , Watts suggests that learners were relying on their LI knowledge of word classes given the relatively restricted number of categories to choose from. Additional L2 vocabulary acquisition studies have addressed the issue of word class through a focus on derivational morphology. Schmitt and Zimmerman (2002) have investigated learners’ productive knowledge of derivatives in the four major word classes (i.e. noun, verb, adjective, and adverb). Their results reveal that L2 learners generally have weak knowledge of derivatives, and that knowledge of one member of a word family (e.g. assume) does not guarantee knowledge of related forms (e.g. assumption). Schmitt and Zimmerman (2002) discuss some pedagogical implications of their study and suggest that explicit teaching of derivative forms could enrich vocabulary learning in the L2 context. Based on this idea Cheap Womens NFL Jerseys , Morin (2003, 2006) designed a pedagogical treatment for teaching Spanish derivational morphology to first- and second-year learners; the goal was to expand learners’ vocabularies by making them more aware of word-formation processes. The participants completed tests of receptive and productive knowledge of Spanish word families. An important finding of Morin’s (2003) research is that beginning learners experienced difficulty in the receptive mode, that is, when the correct derivative was presented to them as an option. Thus, Morin (2003 Cheap Mens NFL Jerseys , p. 209) described first-semester students’ receptive knowledge of word classes as ‘extremely limited’.

In terms of production, Whitley (2004) found numerous examples of verbs used as nouns, nouns used as adjectives, and adjectives used as nouns in a written corpus of L2 Spanish. He points out that ‘one of the main problems these advanced students have … is not the lack of a word for a desired meaning, but uncertainty about how to adapt a word they do know so as to derive the corresponding adverb Cheap NFL Jerseys Online , noun, adjective, etc.’ (Whitley, 2004, p. 169 Cheap NFL Jerseys Wholesale , emphasis original). For Whitley, advanced learners’ lack of control over derivational morphology is one of the main sources of lexical errors. Interestingly, nearly half (44.5%) of the errors documented by Whitley could not be attributed to transfer from the LI.
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An Iphone 4s Product Review: this device lives up to the hype!

If you are an Apple fan, then you’ve probably been eagerly awaiting around the release of the Iphone 4S. With stunning new features and a revolutionary new operating system Cheap NFL Jerseys From China , the iphone 4s is set to over-deliver on its promise to be the best phone you can buy on the market place Currently.

The high resolution 8MP camera will astound you with its clarity and ability to record in 1080p High definition video. Boasting more power than ever before, the iphone 4s utilizes a dual-core A5 chip for blistering speeds. And if you like to use voice commands, then the brand new Siri system will take your experience to the next level. So, let’s look at these features in detail to see just what sets this phone aside from its competitors.

Though the more aged iphone models allow you to use voice commands, the iphone 4s includes the beta version of Siri Cheap NFL Jerseys China , which normally requires it far beyond anything you’ve experienced before. This program will permit you to speak to your phone as you would a person. Rather than having to conform to certain recognized commands, like “map of� or “send text to�, Siri will let you speak Effortlessly and will follow out your guidelines without fail. For example, if you need a reminder posted in your calendar, simply say “remind me to call my boss.� If you want to find spots to eat near you Cheap NFL Jerseys , rather than navigating through a cumbersome menu, just say “What place has the best ribs close to here?� As Siri’s motto states, your wish is its command.

No Iphone 4s Product Review would be complete without mentioning the stunning graphics capability of this device. The included A5 chip features a dual core design. This will give you up to double the power and graphics speeds up to seven times faster. Whether you are playing action packed games, or surfing the net, you will. Cheap Jerseys From China Cheap Jerseys Cheap Wholesale Jerseys Cheap Custom Jerseys Cheap Wholesale NHL Jerseys Cheap Wholesale NFL Jerseys Cheap NHL Jerseys Wholsale Cheap Jerseys Free Shipping Cheap NHL Jerseys Wholesale Cheap MLB Baseball Jerseys